Symbolic AI failed for reasons that have nothing to do with hardware — the knowledge acquisition bottleneck and the unknown unknowns. The parallel machine's role was narrower: to decide which successor could run at scale. Covers the physical symbol system hypothesis, forward chaining, and where symbolic rewriting still lives. ...more
From a single triangle to OpenGL and Vulkan — the linear algebra that turns geometry into pixels, and why the GPU pipeline is shaped the way it is. ...more
Font rasterization, geometry rasterization, and sprite compositing — the per-pixel parallelism that 3D GPUs later inherited. ...more